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This article simplifies polarization mode dispersion, using specific examples and formulas.

This article presents the phase-shift method, a more commonly used and standardized technique to determine the chromatic dispersion is referred to and in which light is sinusoidal-intensity modulated.

This article describes methods to optimize OTDR measurement parameters by presenting processes and key parameters.

This application note outlines the SDT measurement approach of the FTB-8140 Transport Blazer that should be performed during the installation and commissioning of network elements and their new circui...

This application note discusses various aspects of jitter and wander—the theory, the causes, the effects they have on networks, and related field testing.

This application note proposes a solution for active Ethernet testing from the installation and service turn-up phase to service-level agreement verification for Active Ethernet deployments.

This application note introduces various concepts related to QoS and the testing needs for such mechanisms.

This application note covers the basics of service activation and explains how the service-activation scheme can be very different, depending on the FTTH network topology.

This application provides an overview of the over-clocked OTN technology that enables the transportation of 10 GbE LAN signals transparently over OTN.

This application note provides an overview of the basic concepts of PMD and the impact that strong-mode and weakmode coupling have on PMD testing; the accuracy of test instruments will also be discuss...